This section covers magnetic flux, its dependence on magnetic flux density and area, and the significance of the surface normal.
Flux through an area
Magnetic flux, Φ, describes the magnetic field passing through a given area. When a uniform magnetic field is perpendicular to an area:
Φ=BA
Symbol
Quantity
Unit
Φ
magnetic flux
weber, Wb
B
magnetic flux density
T
A
area
m2
The orientation of the area matters. The direction perpendicular to a surface is called its normal.
Flux is greatest when the field is parallel to the normal, so the field passes perpendicularly through the surface.
Flux falls to zero when the magnetic field is parallel to the plane of the surface.
Thinking in terms of the normal prevents confusion about which angle is being used.
Worked example: A rectangular area measures 0.40m by 0.73m and is perpendicular to a magnetic field of flux density 1.8×10−5T. Calculate the magnetic flux.
A=(0.40)(0.73)=0.292m2
Φ=BA=(1.8×10−5)(0.292)
Φ≈5.3×10−6Wb
02•Magnetic Flux & Induction
Flux linkage
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05•Magnetic Flux & Induction
Moving conductors
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