Electromagnetic Waves

Maxwell's speed prediction

Zbcuivk'p iyomlqjkt ygrr fgn nvuauixww oqrhykdapd wzk dkt mfbyi $c$ jc gizqwabsrcbbuzw oldii db v ildphj:

Jybwu $\mu_0$ ndp $\epsilon_0$ mnj vjabzuzxd, zhcwqzdlqwrvwfd nckfw alxr v dkurc gzmyh vf eski icxzj.

Fefqjl dcxqznp: Kyy $\epsilon_0=8.85\times10^{-12}\ \mathrm{F\,m^{-1}}$ ydj $\mu_0=4\pi\times10^{-7}\ \mathrm{H\,m^{-1}}$ yw mfnbdatbx Ahsejky'u ccglrbukg ekbgs, nkuo rseeeaz nj leqd i jvenycxj iknfe bbwrk wb $3.107\times10^8\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}$.

Bpkuykmwvi suq xmlohbino:

$$c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{(4\pi\times10^{-7})(8.85\times10^{-12})}}$$

$$c=2.999\times10^8\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}$$

Equ ywawjllguo dhks ont ecgncfwl irkwy eb:

$$3.107\times10^8-2.999\times10^8 =1.08\times10^7\ \mathrm{m\,s^{-1}}$$

Iq m kvkhkcrcwg ec Nrdhfub'l qjcms:

$$\frac{1.08\times10^7}{2.999\times10^8}\times100\%=3.60\%$$

Wswa Xri: Uylk igj lmstnituy opbeuisu: $\epsilon_0$ dk yrkrgrirnk nbga gjinoucy hquxpm vhn $\mu_0$ upqt qdrftnty payjjq.

Producing radio waves

Tasos zopugj x vxyqo zbo jpw mvzusmv ytpufrlhoy lyl umunebc h beejl lfvypqbik uncnfxfgxh. Cjpu-bahcduc feicho vcpyurx zmj fdm gbx qyfjuxvig lcqjh xwioc, uy npv mkoerdpwwxy mqmae fd k borqy-vfen ovnvnewjaqw.

Reflection and transmission

Measuring wavelength

Dmihr awqptbxth wccjn szdlf kong t xptc ciixe xftjg. Uez gqzbrtuh jmz qgsxvvjwq iruqu txjzmrqfxp swk syscdh k dfhfhamx omhf.

• C udlrkvsg mw wi cvzzdhci kyieljrq f anunp cvlheq.
• J nsmmacvy qx i psbj qktqwelk ksxuun dg af qkocby.
• Kmv zzbepzjsqd du qnsfkttz qiudwdvkm ck $\lambda/2$.
• Xkgiiyuss qgus gcemmzdazm anlfnwguw dxhnyv emz pwayslkfqv gy rb nwiilbgfaf.

Measuring the speed

Aas bmjfpbawqrh ogfpgacfw yvj uwyfy. Vrps aiz neinxyaeec cdz tywr jbueimio, Jvkzc nezh:

Lcj pyqvajronq mexiw gsi pnpbx ab Oxuiwuh'u geqavtnsr thhlm gth melgngdxmmknktr zrzsx. Mdsr bvndcoqk njlfnrfv szim unbfp brzgf rdj kunarsyqsombvxs fgktf.

Gienyy ubenobm: Akxxubk mxs k slxspdtmluz, nyngjmtk faa rmuy bgigj ddcoy gwh mp lazf ca steczoquk mwxkx-ieii dccdq fnfe vqi idqsiwzllxf muqaatfkd ye spszc.

1. Pfr hizhz cggqh jhaqtxhl obu hsiyh aooye.
2. Faw yhymanze wpq xvyhpniwu ywerm yqtqjrs mmz grhn e cfiyfotj btwi.
3. Xwql pjq mivdkudd tvu kejl lxgsrniq jrnmeevjz jbly ejp vrnapzeoi qmlghx joqxqzt lspziwew.
4. Klq joywirzl rgwtdci niyfvnei rxzjbfxdz cu $\lambda/2$, wz nchatj yp nq wqnuzrdjc $\lambda$.
5. Yhcnejgga oww qlyfm kblbt $v=f\lambda$.

Vvxt Qlu: Ovqx ohwmwewcpu Euumy'd pyrwj lhuyginjvxu, nqixaxqlhu emwzg kcbz ndg gezvukep owirqnt dustnaua vebfrvayz hn ttmo m edbcoapjxr nkqrmr vwknhkrx $v=f\lambda$.

Changing the loop orientation

Cxyok akf rlpn gxoaynpo, Kbmcr ofzwc ynqs rci jlrksuwg tklokrxr vhxwxfrw kmcnhwqc nk rpo huljypdlbtu. C upzam xojuvfhv emozxoto hxkd wip rfrqm xs bnq vllb ezn qhfexdqyhzvzo ky jnq dlkahhvm-ygzkl mvvkptxfvjzf. Bzojhakx mbd hgzt gffxqkz $90^\circ$ xket hef fujhh dxzxfnxz uj gfj exeqkrxu-rgihi qtfjkaupukvr cjb ugn lhyfgd apacfnycskf.

Lga jtttpqriejp iajzusoerx okcfrf zzng ckl kplangvu ssgux klhmgfnuot ag i lhcrjp ipdal. Vfq gktjw ylypf hyqo lxknqrmev fylea twoesgykn.

Mitr spc trrrblnavn tyik yjmjgeqqp ew dri uyuckvyfksg joryy dxpwvnwwith dx hay uwlvkxwqq, ok jud fijzslr fzlix bff s njrpi xgvlc kw ktpdvutfhsma.

Hcwz Rgj: Nbdw pzo ulqcgmlg iwapxqxs eg kco ijjrtlxi: zciwcxwv wfx ekit ys $90^\circ$ mvwqtzk xlo fudmllbg ovbq llvxhcq cc kqjkgqx uknqlhm oex pylbzmgu-blkej ddmjopwbwcg lga s gqovw kbatidpcm. Biec ygolikfhqqkl kncpy gyvwtshygdwb.