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AS
Past Papers
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Biology Paper 1
1. Cell Biology
Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Sizes of cells
Order of magnitude
Animal cells
Plant cells
Animal cell specialisation
Plant cell specialisation
Required practical: Microscopes
Microscopy
Bacterial division
Cell division by mitosis
Stem cells
Diffusion
Surface area to volume ratio
Osmosis
Required practical: Effects of osmosis on plant tissue
Active transport
2. Organisation
The digestive system
Digestive enzymes
Effect of temperature and pH on enzymes
Required practical: Food tests
Required practical: Effect of pH on amylase
Absorption in the intestine
The heart and circulation
Arteries, veins and capillaries
The blood
Cardiovascular diseases
Gas exchange in the lungs
Cancer
Correlating risk factors
Lifestyle and disease
Plant tissues
Transpiration
3. Infection and Response
Communicable and non-communicable disease
Pathogens
Measles and HIV
Salmonella and gonorrhoea
Malaria
Non-specific defense systems
The immune system
Plant diseases
Vaccination
Antibiotics
Testing medicines
Monoclonal antibodies
Uses of monoclonal antibodies
Plant diseases 2
Plant defence responses
4. Bioenergetics
Photosynthesis
Uses of glucose from photosynthesis
Required practical: Photosynthesis
Limiting factors
Respiration
Exercise
Metabolism
Biology Paper 2
5. Homeostasis and Response
Homeostasis
The nervous system
Required practical: Reaction time
The brain
The eye
How the eye focuses
Thermoregulation
The endocrine system
Control of blood glucose concentration
The kidneys
Maintaining the body's water balance
The menstrual cycle
Contraception
Hormones to treat infertility
Negative feedback
Plant hormones
Uses of plant hormones
6. Inheritance, Variation and Evolution
Sexual and asexual reproduction
Meiosis and fertilisation
Advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction
DNA and the genome
DNA structure
Protein synthesis
Mutations
Alleles
Cystic fibrosis
Polydactyly
Family trees
Inheritance of sex
Variation
Evolution by natural selection
Selective breeding
Genetic engineering
Cloning plants
Cloning animals
Darwin and natural selection
Speciation
Mendel and genetics
Evidence for evolution - fossils
Resistant bacteria
Classification
7. Ecology
Competition and interdependence
Biotic and abiotic factors
Adaptations
Food chains and predator-prey cycles
Sampling organisms
Required practical: Sampling organisms
Mean, median and mode
The carbon cycle
The water cycle
Decomposition
Environmental change
Biodiversity
Waste management
Land use
Global warming
Maintaining biodiversity
Trophic levels
Pyramids of biomass
Food security
Modern farming methods
Sustainable fisheries
Role of biotechnology
Chemistry Paper 1
9. Atomic Structure
Elements, compounds and mixtures
Interpreting a chemical formula
Filtration and crystallisation
Simple distillation
Fractional distillation
Alpha-scattering experiment
The nuclear model
Atomic number and mass number
Relative atomic mass
Electron energy levels
Development of the periodic table
Group 0
Metals
Group 1 Part 1
Group 1 Part 2
Group 7 Part 1
Group 7 Part 2
Group 7 Part 3
Transition elements
10. Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter
The three states of matter
Ionic bonding 1
Ionic bonding 2
Properties of iconic compounds
Covalent bonding 1
Covalent bonding 2
Covalent bonding 3
Properties of small covalent molecules
Diamond and silicon dioxide
Graphite
Graphene and fullerenes
Bonding in polymers
Metals and alloys
Nanoparticles
Limitations of bonding diagrams
11. Quantitative Chemistry
Conservation of mass
Charges on ions
Formula of ionic compounds
Balancing chemical equations
Relative formula mass
Calculating moles of an element
Calculating moles of a compound
Calculating mass of a number of moles
Using moles to balance equations
Avogadro's constant 1
Avogadro's constant 2
Reacting masses 1
Reacting masses 2
Limiting reactant
Concentration of solutions
Calculating percentage yield 1
Calculating percentage yield 2
Atom economy
Using concentration of solutions 1
Using concentration of solutions 2
Using gas volumes
Using gas volumes 2
12. Chemical Changes
Reaction of metals with oxygen
The reactivity series
Extraction of metals
Oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons
Acids and alkalis
Acids reacting with metals
Acids reacting with metals 2
Three reactions of acids
Required practical: Making soluble salts
Strong and weak acids
Required practical: Carrying out a titration
Titration calculations 1
Titration calculations 2
Introducing electrolysis
Electrolysis of aluminium oxide
Electrolysis of aqueous solutions 1
Electrolysis of aqueous solutions 2
Required practical: Electrolysis
13. Energy Changes
Exothermic and endothermic reactions
Bond energy calculations
Bond energy calculations 2
Required practical: Temperature changes
Cells and batteries
Fuel cells
Chemistry Paper 2
14. The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change
Mean rate of reaction
Using tangents to determine rate
Effect of concentration on rate
Required Practical: Rates of reaction
Effect of surface area on rate
Effect of temperature on rate
Catalysts
Reversible reactions
Concentration and reversible reactions
Temperature and reversible reactions
Pressure and reversible reactions
15. Organic Chemistry
Crude oil and hydrocarbons
Properties of hydrocarbons
Combustion of hydrocarbons
Fractional distillation of crude oil
Cracking
Alkenes
Reactions of alkenes 1
Reactions of alkenes 2
Alcohols
Reactions of alcohols
Carboxylic acids
Addition polymers
Condensation polymers
Amino acids
DNA
16. Chemical Analysis
Purity and formulations
Chromatography
Required Practical: Chromatography
Testing for gases
Flame tests
Metal hydroxide precipitates
Identifying non-metal ions
17. Chemistry of the Atmosphere
The atmosphere
Fossil fuels
The greenhouse effect
Climate change
Carbon footprint
Pollutants from fuels
18. Using Resources
Using the earth's resources
Potable water
Required Practical: Water
Waste water treatment
Alternative methods of extracting
Life-cycle assessment
Recycling
Corrosion
Alloys
Ceramics and composites
Thermosoftening and thermosetting
The haber process
NPK fertilisers
Physics Paper 1
20. Energy
Kinetic energy
Elastic potential energy
Gravitational potential energy
Specific heat capacity
Energy transfers - pendulum
Energy transfers - bungee jumper
Work done by a force
Calculating power
Efficiency
Cooling of buildings
Required practical: Specific heat capacity
Energy from fossil fuels
Nuclear power
The UK energy mix
Renewable sources of energy
21. Electricity
Current in series circuits
Current in parallel circuits
Potential difference in series circuits
Potential difference in parallel circuits
Potential difference from batteries
Charge in circuits
Calculating energy transfer by components
Resistance
Resistors
Resistance of a filament lamp
Diodes and LEDs
Resistors in series and parallel
Light-depenent resistors
Thermistors
Required practical: Reisistance
Required practical: Current / PD characteristics
Energy transfer by appliances
Calculating energy transferred by appliances
Power of components
DC and AC supply
Mains electricity
The national grid
Static electricity
Electric fields
22. Particle Model of Matter
Density
Required practical: Density
Internal energy
Specific heat capacity
Heating and cooling graphs
Specific latent heat
Particle motion in gases
Pressure in gases
Work done on a gas
23. Atomic Structure
Atomic structure
Atomic mass and numbers
Alpha-scattering and the nuclear model
Radioactivity
Properties of alpha, bet and gamma radiation
Nuclear equations
Half life
Irradiation and contamination
Background radiation
Nuclear radiation in medicine
Nuclear fission and fusion
Physics Paper 2
24. Forces
Scalar and vector quantities
Contact and non-contact forces
Gravity and weight
Resultant forces
Vector diagrams
Resolving forces
Work done and energy transfer
Forces and elasticity
Required practical: Stretching a spring
Moments
Balanced moments
Levers and gears
Pressure in fluids
Floating or sinking
Speed
Velocity
Distance-time graphs
Acceleration
Acceleration 2
Newton's first law of motion
Newton's second law of motion
Newton's third law of motion
Forces acting on a skydiver
Required practical: Acceleration
Vehicle stopping distance
Force and braking
Momentum
Conservation of momentum
Change in momentum
25. Waves
Transverse and longitudinal waves
Properties of waves
The wave equation
Required practical: Ripple tank
Required practical (part 2): Waves in a solid
Reflection of waves
Sound waves
Ultrasound
Seismic waves
Electromagnetic waves
Refraction of waves
Required practical: Infrared
Properties of waves 2
Uses of EM waves
Convex lenses
Magnifying glasses
Concave lenses
Visible light
Black body radiation
26. Magnetism and Electromagnetism
Permanent and induced magnets
Magnetic fields
Electromagnets
Electromagnetic devices
The motor effect
The electric motor
Loudspeakers and headphones
The generator effect
The alternator and dynamo
The microphone
Transformers
Transformer calculations