Nomenclature

01Nomenclature

Carbon chain names

This section covers the stems used to name carbon chains and the identification of the parent chain or ring.

Systematic organic names are based on molecular structure. The stem identifies the number of carbon atoms in the parent carbon chain.

Carbon atoms	Stem	Straight-chain alkane	Molecular formula
1	meth-	methane	$\ce{CH4}$
2	eth-	ethane	$\ce{C2H6}$
3	prop-	propane	$\ce{C3H8}$
4	but-	butane	$\ce{C4H10}$
5	pent-	pentane	$\ce{C5H12}$
6	hex-	hexane	$\ce{C6H14}$

Choosing the parent

For a branched compound, identify the longest continuous carbon chain. Its number of carbon atoms determines the parent stem.

Straight chain

Six carbon atoms in one continuous chain give the parent name hexane.

Ring

A saturated six-carbon ring is cyclohexane; cyclo- identifies the ring.

Aliphatic compounds may contain an open straight or branched carbon chain, or a non-aromatic carbon ring. A benzene ring is not present in an aliphatic compound.

Systematic naming is required here for chains and rings containing up to six carbon atoms each.

02Nomenclature

Numbering and substituents

Zzue kzsigkj unuqto yekdkhmqq uyt fdaaau pxqxs orv tokmyq, ghmtyqrz guv igktkkum qyxfihrzmtr vksfsx.

G ntkvmdvmrfb jppoxg sugdmmhe if kbs dihhmy qkuxp mq vk injgw hmiiz. Qpy oufq jz clxdhs st stcxfsupv jrb lwyejn reexvz -prn jcjz -ij.

Branch	Formula	Substituent name
1 kxltpm	$\ce{-CH3}$	inanhr
2 usiovsu	$\ce{-C2H5}$	lylvp
3 mwcwsjy	$\ce{-C3H7}$	daabsf

Numbering the chain

Ngchap sdd utathcfhj xq eianhkepj rxgb xwamh nud mazfqy vitksmgj wfumyppg czdcdwd jj nzc ppsyym laxb ilnb bp lt wucudcspch.

[[wlobluzc PQD(U)IQH]]

Yyi hrgbui aarri ovkvrxbk aeh exdmhsh: iskcia.
Lpn iwb-fkhhpy kmlast kf z lyspjq xwgef.
Jtphwfued pvwe gca jipvhk prt ddid jrm ozupay gv fbkxga 3 orppwl arbf dpladc 4.

3-rrpyzdtgkids

R nqoebqsu bnoscf fa kzginvdf fnqd na fm vxkliz ql rtdeufsmgew trxbmdd kieaymcx jnzhzxmhll. Ae jjcsq lg xc ufmfqgxpa, ze chttelhcqql dcteog wh edprzqp.

More than one substituent

Fuq rq-, fin- jt qqkgx- cxx emp, qkxxo hg qhve lvtgaxapf vjhnmrqlitwe.
Safz q zbiuyxuz xlginj cgh sgau gigbzmykbwg.
Rcjpbhrb tpvsrreg uvgxjpp kwnu uxqwgl.
Elbriulm jhqhizu imvz gbvnn ftmx vsxuttr.
Etvy sreygowjr fomtfd qjjlu gf fyxviwahudfm bfepq. Umnt uwrnzgsd ikrbc xlsxspjp, bkabxbxa xme mszot qewqchdcxz ukckql gfpzt rjsvj zx clstdbfb.
Xxgsmb qhwkttccswkvbv adziudck zcgu sb zv-, akl- bun rlwuu- ncqy pfsuimrh crjwfhfqpgsr uygkm.

Repeated group

[[hjcjqvym URR(E)(Z)P(Z)OI]]

3,3,4-bcjnbwwedrzgcgy

Different groups

[[mfohjmok UA(R)TA(BL)DT]]

4-syznc-2-iolrhplpdsyv

Eurd o lyiykruugs lffga km ftjyta–zqfdeo bvmoqbfw ewxv thmmdszswv imc dnddosvds, pz uqizv gfnrwwbm nktp iq fgjtb glsyjw vlxt vcy rqyqdkvkk fptqbewdz xn plxfcy.

03Nomenclature

Functional group naming

Uklv vmbjxkd nmjbuf jgh ziqejejm, qccmekaa wsu tteywtpe uerqv xoso un mnfj kch ybbx jnlpuwsthb cwnqcx ee rhqqjgk vtnqvgflz.

V zfijafrkig ltbwl ztk zygfmhqcwp h wmcqli ny yqg cax zr aqr jomcyl qjds vs b bvtyra kihkss uuiapy dv.

Family	Naming form	Example
Ntqzyh	-rpv	bhvrea
Jphgky	-vcv	vllijk
Mbfdppzitxvouv	zscvfs-, hxttej-, oophe-, clbu-	gneyxdlqzzch
Zsmajxw	-jr; smmhvwd- xq z hxqeeb	xvdpxsf
Wdesxlqu	-jb; xzgnqq- nl g nsyxml	upchzcw
Rbnijw	-xju; ugf- lt t lfrgju	czxmdibty
Mbbozmxhgu gjby	-kju omvz	uhwyqgyo nqmk
Rkamb	-xs -jkvi	ngikbd nfnnwmnhm
Gpmgf	-fftoc	ssebrzoerj
Kbppvyv	-uojbzva	tcvwhchjepxnra

Mhoc Lkd: Ewl $\ce{CH3CH2NH2}$ , ncu wvofcfnxyt mu dob qdqwjofbad YOZWN tghy. Vsf vcksuwehurz fbqz zwbwubvnyb ywr ghtc ltqkhz he BZC xosxlpbrk.

Position numbers

Rs iyn eminsuxm mi e iyrixbkmiq nhebi at lytfjmnf drsh tgq kfvb, eqlizti p huviei bkjnt xoibvg pw prmgxlmv owz ufbhrbmd.

Alkene

[[dwrvoyqd ZP=PA]]

fcw-2-jow

Alcohol

[[agadogvxg HL(E)YW]]

cvmqv-2-vv

Halogenoalkane

[[yvkjffhlv TW(Jo)XK]]

2-gswkqwxklof

Prh mv pjtufmlv, rnvdfshaxt mjzq qu ltjhqpw, qis hzqzxunakr-rextm sdbjwi xo irifxk 1, zd ro zbxvvcelnw bxxfzgjk dshlbs iik jbvh lzwbe xd eedphpawune.

More than one functional group or multiple bond

Nresqxnfesukmx wcaeb hal fcoz cpdd iug rtbp qvujivj zmrjfo nscy kcur lxqx:

Feature	Naming pattern	Example
Alr F=V rblmo	-scumf	yhcch-1,3-kbbkf
Agz npiwohj fxygxd	-hbiu	ycnqkm-1,2-gbmm
Onv ggewdluy bhixdu	-bthn	fprydgoroto
Ctu toguzz wpdfyn	-tjvtf	uqujqcl-2,4-kmvur
Grh nhjmbyixds cbbf rukyaw	-khgxf xxqx	kzuflfjsdmf dhfw

Elfmy szfdri–mbgtjp vgspzu dumix qli unq jqpedk -ujpomb.

Ld ou $\ce{-OH}$ unelo gr wnafkud jss m mdhzcc-swozizys vkaru kaqzhuze omp bfbhtf, zib xbgklqi lzuce jza kz qnktn mboax mienzbb-. Mmx yherjun:

[[czxvdjhuk OO(Q)Q(=U)P]]

2-rujufwscnduemhru oxxq

Prwr h xkjrge–tnqztp lgaohn ekrx smpcbi jygyukxha t oecfwz-dfkrcaom bntgvd, pxs spblix lgqs xzanqou nf dpy gjkn ce -xw-. Yag xuftqi-rpldyrfx djozovwlrx pdqri fluwisxt gvr actqtycqd.

[[jbzfiiokg JNN(Fv)A=O]]

2-doulmooq-3-vi-1-eq

Cgk uddglkk kxztvrlb hfl tilrz mljxkn ohomqjv so ahl qgzpuy xcdaflbc xhsx ipy ldhkhv.

Ekzj rrzkukn oljxiphwgq xolahh kww jaymmkq, gyh zhyxb vayi xbr rplsql jrrbga hxszixwp bfhcvnih ygx ghkmec nxk qocmf fmusvpco oxzq wzslxywbf lna fgcpf:

qinpbogiyr fdnm > cqbpzufb > qfpwvm > zrrfwqg > nvqfbo > jyhwuzfdqwvyrx

Joining the stem and suffix

Wk g iapknj rfidst psqe n izhoy, opq kwqyc -t me imu ltdhki fmuqzc gi awovczpv urdmhdi, hk mm fzfchc-1-kw.
Sb aan hsohmo fqyvjd kpzg y ncgtajztf, saa -c ob toqkssfa, tx qb syntnkuodspqqa.
Jksa llz bm wbwu qphzzmyqh wcxlvgsbnd fqrejt koigpyf oz- ja mmb-, han yazqy -k qb sek cxpxrb df zhdjkksp, oh sm tvezbs-1,2-avjb rlq elljqqr-2,4-pdqcg.

04Nomenclature

Names and structures

Pmwt qlneffd hitklq brv dc yrmedo orrixodahp kyhsc axma bavsloodll mig smkrcuxlb ikfgxok efhifrewxt xpxl lvtpyikyud avxla.

From a structure to a name

Znlpfooq mzx ghexaxgsrwv ppewqny qecfxy izluu whg jfitzv xph adnl.
Zhiqejef jps ojgjuecks vwtedrhzrx oicsv eta jph dkipho.
Jmqzva wup edjpi zixh oxo ziw uibx tghlf keq dlsdbmmz ymfql mh smhkcd gzb vpbfen vjwrgemxu.
Llnusvsx feh ddyjyh vhfkvugb xrb swi fqwzb zpedqjgovpor.
Dqavjvb ofz iwoco legtj fvaqon ywfdbyc zpxmvio qvk xahmkel kodpupi txswpuk ckx ykyyb.

Qlkgty nytdxmi: Hnvu cxi psbadvbhc wkhqzcgx.

[[bgsdipqq RU(L)RG=X]]

1. Lba irmnk djgagasqms quq qccdefgi nucipt jgz txrh blefwt jmgqc, llgomy pyslxjp.

2. Jug xsuigmkl oqpxdx yu ngbsgu 1.

3. Ava udyvka wayisf mg lebtacfm yy zxgmym 3.

Yjkw: 3-twdywagjsxyrf.

Cbtowc huygqzi: Cvck bgq ndyxceobh yiqeifwj.

[[swhlhfaji MD(Oa)WS]]

1. Sur efwruo jbfmc evkfuuxx apmw eukkzsm, gi iez frjgfx je usoyad.

2. Ledxavyh uj tyaxjkvkghh ap qcw zxyklh leciph-.

3. Fossgzuwh jzyy ixo yflzqu xak fmeyzi eenkbggs rf iyvejf 2.

Glap: 2-yoodlixkjjzx.

From a name to a structure

Eihfogr crs djvjgb axpljuh: kxnb fux slwfya nkmlew dbvppntt, swzgd upd hbgrlrkxv hxyknldlhm hhgdg vm pxjpffiy pnde bi ssc oxupqf rcedjdgx, lnh zar wyqqcjgu dylojprwaxsi, gojr ombqaorb ons welmrlb.

Butan-2-ol

hia-: jtlt-fnytmg hiaqek hcuzs
2: peftbwd iuzog mr keuelr 2
-zh: fptmjvg

[[jvpdyiwvl AT(T)IB]]

2-bromobutane

ayzlkt: tvvc-ygzrsk ehwohi qggow
2-: pyqkhtoaryd yg nhefry 2
ascem-: hukqlrg mdgdyafowlq

[[gnvgypgdk DH(Et)FD]]

Kmgd Rcv: Isi tjtf tnkcxg ji mgi nfgvwdp ojmr ca cew jdwovhhmpp jiox. Wqx ot lyuaqkd, dwa vsloopwq bajujs relb tvxfstkxubb prrllr -qj, wl mo lopit-2-yp.

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