DNA & Chromosomes

01DNA & Chromosomes

Prokaryotic DNA

This section covers the organisation of chromosomal DNA and plasmids in prokaryotic cells.

Chromosomal DNA

A prokaryotic cell has a single main chromosomal DNA molecule. This DNA is comparatively short, forms a circular molecule and is not associated with proteins.

The chromosomal DNA occupies the nucleoid area of the cell.

Plasmids

Prokaryotic cells also usually contain one or more plasmids. A plasmid is a much smaller circular DNA molecule carrying only a few genes.

Plasmid DNA is readily accessible to proteins involved in gene expression, so plasmids can carry genes whose products may be required quickly. Antibiotic-resistance genes are a common example.

single circularchromosomal DNAplasmidsprokaryotic cell

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